Ppt Financial Derivatives Essay Example for Free

Ppt Financial Derivatives Essay GLOBAL EDITION MULTINATIONAL BUSINESS FINANCE 12TH EDITION David K. Arthur I. Michael H. EITEMAN University of California, Los Angeles STONEHILL Oregon State University and the University of Hawaii at Manoa MOFFETT Thunderbird School of Global Management Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Contents PART I G l o b a l Financial E n v i r o n m e n t 1 Chapter 1 Globalization and the MyBtiBnatiomaO Enterprise 2 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise 3 The Theory of Comparative Advantage 4 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? 7 Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm 8 The Globalization Process 9 Summary Points 13 MINI-CASE: Porsche Changes Tack 13 Questions †¢ Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 19 Chapter 2 Financial Goals and Corporate Governance Who Owns the Business? 22 What Is the Goal of Management? 24 Corporate Governance 28 Summary Points 40 MINI-CASE: Governance Failure at Enron 41 Questions n Problems n Internet Exercises 45 22 Chapter 3 IDie international Monetary System History of the International Monetary System 50 Contemporary Currency Regimes 56 Emerging Markets and Regime Choices 62 The Birth of a European Currency: The Euro 64 Exchange Rate Regimes: What Lies Ahead? 69 Summary Points 70 MINI-CASE: The Revaluation of the Chinese Yuan 71 Questions †¢ Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 74 50 Chapter 4 International Business Transactions: The BaBance of Payments Typical Balance of Payments Transactions: China 79 Fundamentals of Balance of Payments Accounting 80 The Accounts of the Balance of Payments 81 The Capital and Financial Account 83 The Balance of Payments in Total 89 The Balance of Payments Interaction with Key Macroeconomic Variables 91 Trade Balances and Exchange Rates 94 Capital Mobility 97 Summary Points 99 MINI-CASE: Turkeys Kriz (A): Deteriorating Balance of Payments 100 Questions †¢ Problems D Internet Exercises 102 78 Chapter 5 Current Multinational Financial Challenges: The Credit Crisis of 2007-2009 106 The Seeds of Crisis: Subprime Debt 106 The Transmission Mechanism: Securitization and Derivatives of Securitized Debt 109 The Fallout: The Crisis of 2007 and 2008 120 xiv Contents xv The Remedy: Prescriptions for an Infected Global Financial Organism 129 Summary Points 131 MINI-CASE: Letting Go of Lehman Brothers 132 Questions D Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 134 PART II Foreign Exchange Theory and Markets Chapter The Foreign Exchange Market 138 137 Geographical Extent of the Foreign Exchange Market 138 Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market 139 Market Participants 140 Transactions in the Interbank Market 142 Foreign Exchange Rates and Quotations 148 Summary Points 156 MINI-CASE: The Venezuelan Bolivar Black Market 157 Questions D Problems a Internet Exercises 160 Chapter? InternationaB Parity Conditions 164 Prices and Exchange Rates 164 Interest Rates and Exchange Rates 172 Forward Rate as an Unbiased Predictor of the Future Spot Rate 181 Prices, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates in Equilibrium 183 Summary Points 184 MINI-CASE: Currency Pass-Through at Porsche 185 Questions †¢ Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 186 Appendix: An Algebraic Primer to International Parity Conditions 193 Chapter 8 Foreign Currency ierivatoves Foreign Currency Futures 198 Currency Options 201 Foreign Currency Speculation 203 Option Pricing and Valuation 210 Currency Option Pricing Sensitivity 213 Prudence in Practice 221 197 Summary Points 222 MINI-CASE: Warren Buffetts Love-Hate Relationship with Derivatives 223 Questions †¢ Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 226 Appendix: Currency Option Pricing Theory 230 Chapter 9 Interest Rate and Currency Swaps 234 Defining Interest Rate Risk 234 Management of Interest Rate Risk 237 Trident Corporation: Swapping to Fixed Rates 245 Currency Swaps 246 Trident Corporation: Swapping Floating Dollars into Fixed Rate Swiss Francs 247 Counterparty Risk 249 Summary Points 250 MINI-CASE: McDonalds Corporations British Pound Exposure 251 Questions n Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 252 Chapter 10 Foreign Exchange Rate Determination and Forecasting Exchange Rate Determination: The Theoretical Thread 257 The Asset Market Approach to Forecasting 260 2S6 XVI Contents Disequilibrium: Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets 262 Illustrative Case: The Asian Crisis ^262 Illustrative Case: The Argentine Crisis of 2002 265 Forecasting in Practice 270 Summary Points 274 MINI-CASE: JPMorgan Chases Forecasting Accuracy 274 Questions †¢ Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 276 PART III Foreign Exchange Exposure 281 Chapter 11 Transaction Exposure 282 Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure 282 Why Hedge? 284 Measurement of Transaction Exposure 287 Tridents Transaction Exposure 289 Management of an Account Payable 297 Risk Management in Practice 299 Summary Points 300 MINI-CASE: Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical (China) and the Euro 301 Questions D Problems D Internet Exercises 303 Appendix: Complex Options 312 Chapter 12 Operating Exposure 320 Attributes of Operating Exposure 320 Illustrating Operating Exposure: Trident 322 Strategic Management of Operating Exposure 326 Proactive Management of Operating Exposure 329 Contractual Approaches: Hedging the Unhedgeable 336 Summary Points 337 MINI-CASE: Toyotas European Operating Exposure 338 Questions a Problems a Internet Exercises 340 Chapter 13 Translation Exposure Overview of Translation 344 Translation Methods 347 Translation Example: Trident Europe 350 Comparing Translation Exposure with Operating Exposure 355 Managing Translation Exposure 355 Summary Points 359 MINI-CASE: LaJolla Engineering Services 360 Questions H Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 362 PART IV Financing the Global Firm 365 Chapter 14 The Global Cost and Availability of Capita! 36 ® Weighted Average Cost of Capital 368 The Demand for Foreign Securities: The Role of International Portfolio Investors 373 The Cost of Capital for MNEs Compared to Domestic Firms 379 Solving a Riddle: Is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for MNEs Really Higher Than for Their Domestic Counterparts? 380 Summary Points 382 MINI-CASE: Novo Industri A/S (Novo) 383 Questions D Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 387 Contents xvii Chapter 15 Sourcang Equity Globally 391 Designing a Strategy to Source Equity Globally 392 Foreign Equity Listing and Issuance 395 Effect of Cross-Listing and Equity Issuance on Share Price 397 Barriers to Cross-Listing and Selling Equity Abroad 399 Alternative Instruments to Source Equity in Global Markets 400 Summary Points 404 MINI-CASE: Petrobras of Brazil and the Cost of Capital 404 Questions †¢ Problems a Internet Exercises 408 Optimal Financial Structure 410 Optimal Financial Structure and the MNE 411 Financial Structure of Foreign Subsidiaries 414 International Debt Markets 418 Summary Points 424 MINI-CASE: Tirstrup BioMechanics (Denmark): Raising Dollar Debt 424 Questions †¢ Problems o Internet Exercises 426 PART V Foreign Investment Decisions Chapter 17 431 International Portfolio Theory and Diversificationi. 432 International Diversification and Risk 432 Internationalizing the Domestic Portfolio 435 National Markets and Asset Performance 441 Summary Points 446 MINI-CASE: Is Modern Portfolio Theory Outdated? 447 Questions a Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 448 Chapter 18 Foreign Direct Investment Theory and Political Risk Sustaining and Transferring Competitive Advantage 452 The OLI Paradigm and Internalization 455 Deciding Where to Invest 457 How to Invest Abroad: Modes of Foreign Involvement 458 Foreign Direct Investment Originating in Developing Countries 462 Foreign Direct Investment and Political Risk 464 Assessing Political Risk 465 Firm-Specific Risks 466 Country-Specific Risks: Transfer Risk 469 Country-Specific Risks: Cultural and Institutional Risks 472 Global-Specific Risks 476 Summary Points 479 MINI-CASE: Mattels Chinese Sourcing Crisis of 2007 480 Questions a Problems a Internet Exercises 483 452 Chapter 19 Multinational Capital Budgeting 487 Complexities of Budgeting for  a Foreign Project 488 Project versus Parent Valuation 489 Illustrative Case: Cemex Enters Indonesia 490 Real Option Analysis 502 Project Financing 503 Summary Points 505 MINI-CASE: Tridents Chinese Market Entry—An Application of Real Option Analysis 505 Questions n Problems †¢ Internet Exercises 507 xviii Contents PART VI Managing Multinational Operations Chapter 20 Multinational Tax Management 513 514 Tax Principles 514 Transfer Pricing 522 Tax Management at Trident 524 Tax Haven Subsidiaries and International Offshore Financial Centers 525 Summary Points 527 MINI-CASE: Stanley Works and Corporate Inversion 527 Questions †¢ Problems n Internet Exercises 531 Chapter 21 Working Capital Management 535 Trident Brazils Operating Cycle 535 Tridents Repositioning Decisions 537 Constraints on Repositioning Funds 539 Conduits for Moving Funds by Unbundling Them 539 International Dividend Remittances 540 Net Working Capital 542 International Cash Management 548 Financing Working Capital 552 Summary Points 556 MINI-CASE: Honeywell and Pakistan International Airways 557 Questions †¢ Problems n Internet Exercises 559 Chapter 22 Global Petroleum Development: Fiscal Regimes and Funding Financing Petroleum Development 566 Fiscal Regimes 566 Development Agreements 566 Concessions 569 Royalty/Tax Systems 570 Production Sharing Agreements 572 Service Agreements 574 Added Contractual Features 576 Top-Line Risks 578 Petroleum Prices 579 A Hypothetical Sub-Saharan PSA 581 PSA Evolution 584 Funding Petroleum Development 587 Summary Points 590 MINI-CASE: Petroleum Development and the Curse of Oil 590 Questions †¢ Problems o Internet Exercises 593 565 Answers to Selected Problems Glossary Index 598 610 595 Credits 627

Current Writing Pedagogy Essay -- English Writing Teacher Student

The student who is preparing for preservice or inservice teaching in any field must answer two crucial questions: â€Å"What is learning?† and â€Å"What is teaching?† The student preparing to teach writing must also answer the question, â€Å"What is the purpose and the value of writing?† Writing is a subject area in which the teacher cannot easily state why writing itself is valuable or what purposes are served by learning the â€Å"art and craft† of writing, except as a tool for communication in other subject areas. In his article â€Å"Who’s Afraid of Subjectivity,† Robert P. Yagelski (1994), offers some answers to these questions about knowledge, education, and writing, as well as addressing related questions concerning individuality. Current writing pedagogies value writing and writers in different ways. Yagelski compares the underlying epistemology of expressivist approaches with postmodern epistemological theory. Expressivist theories claim that knowledge is found within the individual, and writing is a form of self-discovery. â€Å"Process-oriented† writing instruction is connected with this pedagogical approach. Postmodern theorists define knowledge as the fluid, shifting, and selective perceptions of reality that are tied to particular times, places, and cultures. Proponents of postmodern theories claim that expressivist practices reproduce ideologies that conceal both power structures and the position of students within these structures. Such practices are also thought to reduce awareness of social differences related to gender, class, and race between individuals in the classroom. By encouraging only constructive criticism and harmonious group work, expressivist teachers avoid confrontation over rea l-world issues. For postmodernists, writing is... ... rather than, in Keats’ words, â€Å"remaining content with half-knowledge,† and I think that an epistemology and a pedagogy that embraces paradox is rather well suited to the postmodern world. References Keats, John. Letter dated Dec.21st, 1817. Cited in The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory (1991) by J.A. Cuddon. New York: Penguin. Kluth, Paula. 2000. â€Å"Community-Referenced Learning and the Inclusive Classroom† Remedial & Special Education 21.1 (Jan/Feb): 19-26. Macrorie, Ken. 1988. The I-Search Paper. Portsmouth,NH: Boynton-Cook Phelps, T.O. 1992. â€Å"Research or Three-Search?† English Journal 89.1: 76-78. Yagelski, Robert P. 1994. â€Å"Who’s Afraid of Subjectivity: Postmodernism and the Composing Process.† Taking Stock: The Writing Process Movement in the 90’s, edited by Lad Tobin and Thomas Newkirk. 203-217. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Voluntary Active Euthanasia

Voluntary Active Euthanasia Carlene Lawrence Hodges University PHI 3601 OL3 November 19, 2012 Abstract This paper will discuss the benefits of the legalization of Voluntary Active Euthanasia (VAE). It will define the differences between Active Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide, as well as the difference between active and passive. We will look at VAE from a legal perspective, with discussion about specific court cases that have set precedence in this matter. We will also look at it from a moral point of view; from a perspective of Utilitarian and Subjectivist principles, to show that VAE should be considered morally correct.Voluntary Active Euthanasia This paper will discuss the benefits of Active Voluntary Euthanasia (VAE). Although it is sometimes referred to as mercy killings, it is one of the most controversial topics in our world today. Many believe the right to live is one of the most important human rights. The right to die should be equally as important. First, we mus t discuss the difference between active and passive euthanasia. Active is the process by which a person is given something, such as a prescribed medication, to end their life, while passive is allowing a person to die naturally, not being given anything to help sustain their life.Second, we must not confuse VAE with Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS), as the two are quite different. With VAE, it is the doctor who administers life ending medications, with the patient’s permission, while with PAS, the patient is the one who ultimately ends their own life. It can be argued that there is no moral difference between active and passive, since the consequences, intentions, and actions are primarily the same. If medical treatment is withheld, allowing them to die naturally, this will prolong their pain and suffering, as well as that of their loved ones left to bear witness.It will also lead to large medical bills, which the families will be left to deal with. In an era where the cultur e is to provide rescue medicine, it is hard to decide what to do when facing end of life decisions for your loved ones. According to the Hippocratic Oath, physicians must â€Å"use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgment, but will not use it to injure or wrong them† (Friend, 2011). While the actual Oath has been rewritten many times over the years, to reflect cultural changes, it has the same essence. But, who decides what is considered as injuring or wronging them?One person may consider aiding in the death of another to be wrong, but the person dying may not. U. S. District Judge Barbara Rothstein (1194) wrote, â€Å"There is no more profoundly personal decision, no one which is closer to the heart of personal liberty, than the choice which a terminally ill person makes to end his or her suffering†. Assisted suicide and euthanasia have been worldly controversial for centuries. However, the first organizations created to support the legalizatio n of such were in 1935 and 1938, in Great Britain and the United States, respectively.Great strides have been made in the right direction though. Consider the case of Karen Ann Quinlan. In 1975, after mixing alcohol and drugs at a party, Karen become unconscious and slipped into a coma (Quinlan & Radimer, 2005). After months of watching their daughter suffer, being kept alive by machines, the family decided they knew their daughter would not want to live this way and requested she be taken off of the respirator. However, they quickly found out that their wish could not be carried out without a court order. They lost their first court battle in New Jersey Superior Court.They appealed this decision and ended up in New Jersey State Supreme Court, where by a unanimous decision, they won. Karen’s father, Joseph Quinlan, was names as Karen’s guardian, and was permitted to make all healthcare choices for her. Julia Quinlan, Karen’s mother, writes: The ruling gave patie nts and families the right to live each stage of life, including the last stage, with dignity and respect, and for medical institutions such as hospitals, hospices and nursing homes that would now be required to establish and maintain ethics committees.In addition, the Quinlan case led to the creation of the â€Å"living will,† sometimes called an â€Å"advanced directive,† which outlines the personal wishes of the individual in regard to â€Å"extraordinary means† to maintain life. (Quinlan 2005) In 1990, 40 states collectively passed laws allowing competent citizens the right to make living wills. These documents put the power back into the hands of the ill, by allowing their wishes and voices to be heard when they themselves are unable to speak.They instruct doctors to withhold life-supporting treatment and systems in the event a person becomes terminally ill. They can also instruct emergency doctors not to perform life resuscitating devices when a person has become injured or ill. It is the opinion of this writer and other proponents, like Compassion & Choices (http://www. compassionandchoices. org) that it become legal to include right to die choices like voluntary euthanasia. In ancient Rome and Greece, putting someone to death, or assisting in dying was acceptable in certain situations.For example, it was acceptable to put to death newborns with severe birth defects. It wasn’t until Christianity started developing in the West, that euthanasia was determined to be morally and ethically wrong. It was, and still is, seen as a â€Å"violation of God’s gift of life†. (Abdulkadir, Ansari, & Sambo, 2012, p 673). This is where the ethical debate inevitably ensues. Opponents mostly come from the medical profession as well as religious groups. They believe that medical providers should be more concerned with caring and healing then curing and the ultimate outcome.Legalizing active euthanasia could put too much power in th e hands of the medical professionals, allowing the ill to be easily swayed and opening up the option for many lawsuits from surviving family members who do not agree with the practice. Proponents reason that keeping someone alive with medications and medical instruments, when they would otherwise die is not sustaining a true life. Also, they believe that this is not a question of if someone is to die, but how much they suffer in the interim. The main concern of health providers should be to ease or eliminate pain and suffering.If we can accept that passive euthanasia (rejecting the use of life sustaining treatment) is ethically and morally correct, than we should also accept active euthanasia as well. Utilitarianism says that actions should be judges as morally acceptable or unacceptable based on increases and decreases in total happiness and/or misery (total meaning everyone involved, not just one individual (Barcalow, 2007). Using this as a guide, it can be determined that VAE wou ld essentially be reducing misery by allowing terminally ill, and sick to die nstead of suffering. Therefore, it would be morally acceptable. Let us look at VAE from a Subjectivism standpoint. Subjectivism claims that â€Å"whatever an individual believes to be right or wrong is right or wrong for that individual† (Barclow, 2007). Therefore, what may be morally correct for one person may not be for another. Under this principle, we should consider that if you believe VAE to be morally incorrect, that does not stand to reason all of society believes this as well. Let’s look at euthanasia another way.Merriam-Webster (2012) defines euthanasia as: â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy†. In most states, where VAE is not legal, doctors are permitted to withhold medical treatment from a dying person, if that is their wish. While this is not considered actively administering life ending medication, it can still be considered actively allowing the person to die, if the treatment they are withholding would keep the person alive, even if only temporarily.When defending the case for active euthanasia, often the subject of our pets inevitably comes up. It is common practice when our pets become ill or injured, to put them out of their misery, we have them, as we say, ‘put to sleep’, or ‘put down’. You never hear of someone keeping their pet alive on life sustaining machines and medications. When asked why they chose to put down their pet, almost everyone answers with they couldn’t bear to see the animal suffer. So then why do feel the need to keep our humans alive? Currently there are four states in the U. S. hat have legalized active euthanasia; Oregon in 1994 by the Oregon Death and Dignity Act, , Texas in 1999 by the Texas Futile Care Law, Washington in 2008 by the Washin gton Death and Dignity Act and Montana in 2008 through a trial court ruling, Baxter vs. Montana. It is also legal in several European and eastern countries, such as Belgium, Columbia, and the Netherlands. It is legal in certain situations in Switzerland. In conclusion, using the Utilitarian and Subjectivism Moral Principles, should consider voluntary active euthanasia morally acceptable. References Abdulkadir, A. B. , Ansari, A. H. , & Sambo, A.O. (2012). The right to die via euthanasia: an expository study of the shari'ah and laws in selected jurisdictions. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 673+ Barcalow, E. (2007). Moral philosophy: Theories and issues. (4th Ed. ed. ). Belmont: The Thomson Corporation. Daniel, P. S. (2011). Speaking of the value of life. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal,  21(2), 181-199,6. Euthanasia (a) in Merriam-webster online dictionary. (2012, March 09). Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/euthanasia Friend, Mary Louanne,M. N. , R. N. (2011). Physician-assisted suicide: Death with dignity?Journal of Nursing Law,  14(3), 110-116. Doi Rothstein, B. R. (1994). Assisted suicide: Helping terminally ill. Knight-Ridder Newspapers, 12(10), 615. Mary, L. F. (2011). Physician-assisted suicide: Death with dignity? Journal of Nursing Law,  14(3), 110-116. doi/913146489 Quinlan, J. , ; Radimer, F. (2005). My joy, my sorrow. Cincinnati, OH: St. Anthony Messenger Press. Rachels, J. (1975) Active and passive euthanasia . The New England Journal of Medicine 292 78-80 Rachels, J. (2001) Killing and letting die. Encyclopedia of Ethics 2nd ed. 2 947-50 Steinbock, B. , ; Norcross, A. (1994). Killing and letting die. Fordham Univ Pr.

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 928 Words

Redeemed to Redeem Nathaniel Hawthorne was a writer in the 1800’s whose style of writing was dark romanticism. His family was involved in the Salem witch trials so he changed his last name from Hathorne. The Scarlet Letter (1850) is a book about a woman in a Puritan society named Hester Prynne who committed adultery while her older husband was away and is forced to wear the Scarlett letter on her chest. Redemption is a constant theme throughout the book with his main characters Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Hawthorne uses Hester as an expression of rebellion of Puritan ways by how she is forced to wear the letter on her chest which gives her the feeling of redemption although it doesn’t spiritually redeem her. Hester felt like she was alone in the book because the letter â€Å"Had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself.† (Hawthorne 37). The letter made her feel alone so by the end of the book she felt like she served her time and when the letter went from meaning â€Å"Adulterer† to â€Å"Able† and she felt redeemed for it although she wasn’t actually redeemed spiritually. Hester wore the letter on her bosom however â€Å"The scarlet letter had not done its office† (114) because it didn’t actually redeem her it just made her feel better about what she had done. In her eyes she didn’t feel like she had done anything wrong although the definition of rede em is compensation for the faults of something or someone. SheShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. 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Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements