Plato s Life And Accomplishments - 874 Words

Plato, a Greek philosopher, was born in Athens, in 428 B.C. under the name Aristoles. In his youth, he was a wrestler, that’s how he got the name ‘Plato’, that was his ring name. Plato means broad or flat, his shoulder were broad and his forehead was flat. He won a few trophies for wrestling but never made it to the Olympics at Olympia. He later change more toward the arts, and he wrote plays, and poetry, but in never won in any of his writing competitions. â€Å"Having failed to win an Olympic gold, or carry off the ancient Greek equivalent of the Noble Prize, Plato was almost resigned to becoming a mere statesman† (Strathern, 1996, p 16). When he was in his late teens or early twenties he heard Socrates teaching, he was so impressed with his teachings that changed his plans to pursue a literary career as a playwright; he destroyed his early work and devoted himself to philosophy. Plato studied philosophy, which means â€Å"love of wisdom† under t he guidance of Socrates for the next nine years. Socrates taught by a conversational method, analyzing everything, which was known as dialectic. Socrates had his students find logic in most of their topics, and then dissect the whole conversation for strong points and weakness. They attempted to separate appearance from reality. Socrates greatest arguments were about justice. He believed since philosophers knew the truth and they have relevant practical knowledge by which to rule. He stated, that they hate lies, they are moderate,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Philosopher728 Words   |  3 Pages2017 The Great Philosopher Plato Plato is known as one of ancient Greece’s greatest philosophers. Plato was born in Athens, Greece during 428 BCE. Some people believe that Plato s real name is Aristocles, if in fact this is true he would have received this name from his grandfather. Historians believed that Plato had two full brother, one sister, and one half brother. They are unsure if Plato was the eldest. They believe that he was since he inherited his grandfather s name, and tradition was thatRead MoreGreek And Classical Greek Philosophy997 Words   |  4 Pagesis reflected in today s Society in many ways. These ways include mathematics, government, medicine, art, and architecture. Without Greek Culture, we would not have the idea of mathematical proof or geometry, which are still used today. Without Greek Culture, we also wouldn t have technologies and other refined technologies that first came from Greece. Greek artists of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. attained a manner of representation that con veys a vitality of life as well as a sense of permanenceRead MoreAllegory Of The Cave By Plato1722 Words   |  7 PagesAllegory of the Cave Human experiences are an everyday aspect of individuals lives. The way individuals see, touch, smell, feel, and even remember is through unique experiences. People do not realize it, but our everyday life and community shape how the mind experiences certain events. Because of these, the way individuals see the world is different from person to person. The mind interprets the world around the individuals, however, it can only interpret what it is exposed to. It is up to the individualsRead MorePythagoras s Influence On The Founding Of Calculus1707 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch to mathematics or natural philosophy. Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues and successors. Some accounts mention that the philosophy associated with Pythagoras was related to mathematics and that numbers were important. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and Pythagorean ideas exercised a mark ed influence on Plato, and through him, all of Western philosophy. AccordingRead MoreThe Eternal City1418 Words   |  6 PagesBesides developing a new government the Romans created a military force to invade not just Italy, as well as the whole Mediterranean world. In the early republic the leaders controlled force, of areas they represented. Representatives, who served for life, got the duty to translate laws and acted as judges. In the occasion of a war the senate may choose a dictator figure that ruled for just six months in time of crisis. Julius Caesar was the name of the great military and political leader of theRead MoreSummary : Professional Accomplishments Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesSUMMARY OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1. Name Marcin CzerwiÅ„ski 2. Education and diplomas 1990-95 – studies at the Faculty of Philology, University of WrocÅ‚aw, in the field of Polish Philology, completed with very good evaluations. 1995 – MA (magister) in Polish Philology on the basis of the work: Gnostic motifs and threads in the modern New Testament apocrypha. According to Judas a novel by Henryk Panas and „The Gospel According to Jesus Christ by Josà © Saramago. Thesis supervisor:Read MoreAristotle s Influence On Western Culture1511 Words   |  7 Pagesdoctor, member of the guild of the Asclepiadae, and court physician to Amyntas II, and then became the king of Macedonia. Aristotle s mother was Phaestis, she is known by many to be a descendant of one of the founders of Stagira, whom brought a colony from Chalcis, on the isle of Euboea. Her family retained land in Chalcis, where Aristotle would go at the end of his life. Aristotle’s parents ended up passing away when he was a young boy, after their passing he was then raised by a guardian named ProxenusRead MoreAcademic Success Or Effective Learning1072 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge or skills. Unfortunately, not everyone chooses an d hungers for new knowledge and increased skills in the way that breeds academic success or effective learning. These individuals are entirely content as remaining prisoners in the cave (Plato). Sustained individual educational success is only possible when one steps out of the â€Å"cave† and sees the figurative light of knowledge. In America, education has been labeled and accepted as mundane by many segments of society. It is merely a customaryRead MoreContemporary Civilizations : An Essential Part Of An Individual s Highest Level Of Achievement1461 Words   |  6 PagesContemporary Civilizations is a course intended to provoke conversation and thought on an individual’s role in a community. We see this premise outlined in Columbia University s description of the course, which states, â€Å"the central purpose of Contemporary Civilization is to introduce students to a range of issues concerning the kinds of communities ... that human beings construct for themselves† (Contemporary Civilizations Home Page). While analyzing the types of communities different texts discussRead MoreThe Golden Ages : Greece, Rome, and China Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pageswas accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and neglecting the citys gods. For this he was put on trial and the jury sentenced him to death. He chose to die slowly by drinking the poison hemlock. Another noted philosopher was Plato. He had studied with Socrates. Plato opened a school known as The Academy, which lasted for about 900 years (Watson 63). One of Platos students was the famous Aristotle, who followed in Platos footsteps and opened a school of his own, called The Lyceum (Watson

Stained Glass An Important And Innovative Form Of Art

Stained glass is an important and innovative form of art, that throughout the ages has grown in design, technique and been stretched to various cultures in the world. Stained glass illustrates stories by putting together pieces of colored glass into a mosaic form, to create a picture. Stained glass has existed for millenniums, and through its time the term â€Å"stained glass† is thought to be of reference to church windows and various other significant buildings. Traditionally, stained glass windows are made in flat panels and used as windows; modern stained glass offers artists to include three dimensional structures to the art. Basically stained glass is a couloured glass that is used for decorative or pictorial means; most commonly by setting contrasting pieces in lead framework such as mosaic that are used for church windows. The technique of stained glass has been present in a variety of cultures throughout time, as stained glass is a powerful form of art when it comes t o embracing cultural or religious beliefs, for it is a strong way to venerate beliefs. In some cases, stained glass is used to embrace features of a country, such as â€Å"Kitengela Glass Factory, Kenya† which is situated next to village market, Nairobi. Kitengela glass is a factory run by a woman (Kitengela) who creates stained glass, embracing the main aspects of tourist attractions and culture in Kenya. They make a range of stained glass products as well as other products, such as; Dalle De Verre,Show MoreRelatedGothic Architecture As An Insult By Supporters Of Classic Greek Architecture1776 Words   |  8 Pageswould be stained glass, which depicted scenes from their respective scripture, mostly the Roman Catholic Bible, famous martyrs who died for their belief, or things that the pastor of the church would like to influence, for instance a symbol hope, like a dove flying out of the underworld.. Then on the ceiling would be mostly domes, which would sometimes be painted a solid color or be covered with painting of God or symbols of Christ. Although Gothic architecture was mostly used and important duringRead MoreArt And Abstract Art : Renaissance Art1113 Words   |  5 Pages20 points Renaissance Art was innovative. Renaissance artist illustrated natures beauty with biblical accounts. In addition, artist began to use oil painting which set Renaissance style apart. Additionally, renaissance art influenced society perception of the world with visual imagery by constructing detailed events, places, or objects. However, Cubism’s, transformed creation of images by utilizing geometric perception of natural description. Nevertheless, Renaissance art influenced society alongRead More The Rise of Christianity and Christian Art Essay2039 Words   |  9 Pageshow rulers viewed their power and used their powers. Such influence was portrayed in Christian art as we know today. Although Christianity was initially practiced within Semitic populations of the Roman Empire, by the 4th century A.D the Christian religion had a huge impact to the Greeks and also the early Byzantine Empire. But by this time Christian communities had been established in all the important cities in the Roman Empire. In 313 the next emperor Constantine legalized Christianity throughoutRead More Cathedral Analysis Paper: Milan Cathedral2671 Words   |  11 Pagespay for the churches. This allowed for the emergence of new towns in addition to increased exchange of goods and services, which eventually had an overall effect on the culture and society. The public began to take on a less restrained viewpoint of art. A new spirit of individualism along with humanistic and secular values became more acceptable. The Gothic style began to blossom overlapping with the final days of the Romanesque period. (Bersson 381-383) The Gothic style arose with the leaders ofRead MoreEssay on Roman Influence on Byzantine Empire and Islamic Societies1584 Words   |  7 Pagesarising from the fourth to sixth century. Although both Byzantine and Islamic societies created their own empires, with separate rulers and individuals, the Roman Empire heavily influenced their cultural aspects, as demonstrated in their religion, art, and law. The Byzantine Empire was a highly prosperous society centered around the city of Constantinople. This society, dating back to around 330 AD, consecutively arising after the fall of the Roman Empire, and managed to remain in power for moreRead MoreThe Sagrada Familia Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pagesperfected by Antoni Gaudi, an architect, who was innovative and forward thinking in his creations and who meticulously embedded not only religious iconography, but also merged secular symbols throughout the interior and exterior faà §ade of this massive structure to tell the story of the faith in Jesus Christ. To understand the uniqueness of the Sagrada Famà ­lia and the reason it has become noted as a building designed like no other it is important to learn about the background of the architect whoRead MoreOutdoor Sculpture And Indoor Sculpture2174 Words   |  9 PagesSculpture is an ancient art form and artists used several different mediums throughout the millennia, starting with readily available resources. Stones, clays, wood, and eventually metals were commonly used to create sculptures. However, artists today are only limited by their imagination when it comes to materials for their sculptures, making it harder for conservators to know how different methods of preservation of newer mediums will persevere over time. Consequently, conservators utilize a rangeRead More The History of Art Essay4153 Words   |  17 PagesThe History of Art Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans. Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentationRead MoreMudd Hall Of Philosophy : One Of The Most Beloved Structures1984 Words   |  8 Pagessufficed. On the opposite spectrum, the modest attempt could be seen as an insulting gesture in the eyes of Suger. He would have undoubtedly been insulted by the lack of lavish decoration and wealth. He would however, been very pleased with the stained glass windows in the rounded apse. The variety of rich colors might have reminded him of the jewels he finds so powerful and significant in being lead to the anagogical. T he elaborate detailing and time taken to construct the windows would be similarRead MoreEffects of Reading Comic Books5082 Words   |  21 Pagesto Hollywood movies, American and British rock stars and Japanese comic books than things Taiwanese according to a news story about teahouses and Starbucks coffee shops. (From an AP story, April 2002). Comics in eastern Asia are more than just a form of popular entertainment. MANGA (in Japan), MAN-HUO (in China), and MANHWA (in Korea) is a part of the cultural life itself. (From the sampler book Manhwa: The World of Korea Comics distributed by the Korea Culture amp; Content Agency at the Frankfurt

Impluwensya Free Essays

Manuel, Arjay G. B-17 IV-St. Francis Of Sales What is your definition of a ‘good’  teacher? In a recent article published in the journal Active Learning in Higher Education (2009, 10: 172-184) Bantram and Bailey explored the responses of students to this very question at a university in the UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Impluwensya or any similar topic only for you Order Now Four predominant themes were noted (in relative order of importance): 1. Teaching Skills: Students felt that an effective teacher explained ideas and concepts well; motivated and sustained student interest; used active-learning techniques; and acted as a facilitator to encourage and guide learning. 2. Personal Qualities: Students valued personal qualities such as, â€Å"†¦being kind, helpful, patient, enthusiastic and having a sense of humor. † 3. Relationships with Students: Students appreciated instructors who were friendly, approachable, and took the time to â€Å"get to know† them. . Teacher Knowledge: Subject-matter expertise and knowledge emerged as the lowest ranked theme. They summarized that, â€Å"†¦students appear to define good teaching largely on the basis of a range of skills and attributes that emphasize empathy and aspects of interpersonal relationships. † These findings support Chickering and Gamson’s (1987) classic Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, where an effective teac her is described to: 1. Encourage contact between students and faculty; 2. Develop reciprocity and cooperation among students; 3. Encourage active learning; 4. Give prompt feedback; 5. Emphasize time on task; 6. Communicate high expectations; and, 7. Respect diverse talents and ways of learning. The reality is that effective teaching goes much beyond developing subject matter expertise. From my experiences in higher education great teachers share two common characteristics: an extraordinary sense of humility; and, a strong commitment to continual improvement, based upon a fundamental motivation to inspire student success. How to cite Impluwensya, Essay examples

History Quiz free essay sample

Blacks, Indians, and women could not vote d. All of the above 9) The protests developed by the committees of the Continental Association used a. Hundreds of petition to Parliament b. Economic boycotts c. Sabotage d. Militiamen to fight the British soldiers 10) In March 1770, Crisps Attacks became a. George Oils main representative in Boston b. The first American to call for war against the British c. The first martyr of the colonial resistance d. Leader of the Pastor Boys In Pennsylvania a. Was written entirely by Benjamin Franklin and John Adams b.Boldly presented new arguments for independence c. Rejected the contract theory of government d. Restated John Lockers ideas 12) A major goal of the Navigation Acts was to a. Provide Jobs for the colonies sailors b. Reduce French control of the major North American rivers c. Keep the shipping trade with the colonies under English control d. Increase colonial manufacturing 1 3) John Lockers theories a. We will write a custom essay sample on History Quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Appealed to colonial Americans b. Viewed government as a guardian of peoples natural rights c. Justified overthrowing a government under certain circumstances d.All of the above 4) The Boston Tea Party resulted when the British authorities greatly increased the tax on tea. A. True 15) The peace of pans 1763 a. Ended French power in North America b. Gave the English control of most land west of the Mississippi River c. Guaranteed French control of the Caribbean d. Eliminated Spanish influence on the North American continent 16) Among the colonists, the leading innovator of revolutionary protests was a. William Dickinson b. Patrick Henry c. Thomas Payne d. Samuel Adams 17) The British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre were defended in court bySamuel Adams. A. True 18) In America, one significant effect of the Glorious Revolution was to a. Reduce the influence of the Anglican Church b. End of the mercantile system c. Set a precedent for overthrowing a king d. Curtail the power of colonial assemblies 19) Colonial governors had the power to a. Veto colonial legislation b. Determine when and where the assembly would meet c. Postpone elections of the assembly at pleasure 20) The Pastor Boys were convinced by Benjamin Franklin not to march on Philadelphia and demand independence in the asses. A.True 1) The argument the colonists made against the Stamp Act was that the British had no right to impose internal taxes on the colonies. A. True 22) The Revenue Act of 1767 posed a major threat to the colonists because it a. Taxed public documents b. Raised money to support the royal family c. Relieved colonial officials of financial dependence on colonial assemblies d. Sought to regulate trade and communication between the individual colonies.

Stellar numbers free essay sample

Stellar numbers are sequence of numbers that follow a certain pattern, when we plot it into a diagram it will create a geometrical star-like shape. Each stellar number has its own vertices and number of dots, the formula will be different for every vertices. We are now going to determine the number of dots in each stage, and then we could see the pattern of the number of dots. Finally, we can generate a simplified formula or general statement for to find the number of dots in each stage. Triangular numbers are sequence of number that has certain pattern and if we plot it into a diagram it will create a geometrical triangular shape. Each triangular number has its own number of dots and formula. Now, we will start with triangular number first. Aim: In this task I will consider geometric shapes which lead to special numbers. The simplest example of these are square numbers, 1,4,9,16 which can be represented by squares of side 1,2,3 and 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Stellar numbers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The following diagrams show a triangular pattern of evenly spaced dots. This can be explained, because stellar numbers must at least have 1 vertice. Explain how you arrived at the general statement To find the general statement, We must find the pattern of the nth term of the stellar number, by trying to find the formula of every stellar number with different vertices. I found that the general statement is in the form of quadratic equation with â€Å"1† as the value of c. The coefficient A and B have the same, which correspond to the number of vertices in each stellar number. After that, I need to test the general statement for the other stellar number to prove its validity. Conclusion The general statement of triangular number is Sn = 1/2n2 + 1/2n. I generated it by identifying the sequence of triangular number, and then create a formula that follows the pattern and it is proven to be correct because it can be used to find the number of dots in any term except the term ? 1. For the stellar numbers, I have found the general statement that works for various stellar numbers with different vertices, which is Sn= pn2-pn+1. Yet, there is a limitation of this general statement, it cannot be used when p gt; 1. To find the general statement, I have identified the pattern of the sequence, by trying to find the number of dots in each term. P in this formula represents the number of vertices in stellar numbers, n here, corresponds to the term of stellar numbers.

Free Essays on Recycle Waste

Areas upon areas of our precious land is at risk everyday of becoming consumed with byproduct of our quest to build. From the late 1930’s to our present time man has ultimately flourished our land with mass construction of marvelous structures that safely encompass our lives. As buildings spring into our horizon of our focus, its waste lay in the dark hillside of some once unoccupied land in the outskirts of our regions and minds. Overtime, many efforts have been made to recycle these wastes via finding an alternative use such as wood chips. Wood chips can be used for engineered wood products that proportion to size, are more durable and stronger, though timber must still be processed to create chips. Conversely, advances in technology are helping to shift our focus from simply finding an alternative use for construction waste to creating a useable building product from it. Thus, it is better to find a product that can be manufactured once and reused several times. Materials such as steel have a long history of being successfully extracted from the site and recycled back into a usable product. Other building components though have not had this option until a short time ago. Gypsum board, used mainly for interior sheeting, for many years was recycled for use as a soil amendment. This lay mainly to its paper backing which was problematical in removing. In spite of this, hard work continued in the quest to recycle this product into a material fit for reuse until it was resolved. In 1999, this method of recycling was accomplished allowing gypsum board to be recycled into new gypsum, ready for construction once again. One of the benefits of recycling gypsum board is produced savings in energy used in the mining process. In retrospect to finding an alternative use, finding new uses for materials found in buildings can be just ... Free Essays on Recycle Waste Free Essays on Recycle Waste Areas upon areas of our precious land is at risk everyday of becoming consumed with byproduct of our quest to build. From the late 1930’s to our present time man has ultimately flourished our land with mass construction of marvelous structures that safely encompass our lives. As buildings spring into our horizon of our focus, its waste lay in the dark hillside of some once unoccupied land in the outskirts of our regions and minds. Overtime, many efforts have been made to recycle these wastes via finding an alternative use such as wood chips. Wood chips can be used for engineered wood products that proportion to size, are more durable and stronger, though timber must still be processed to create chips. Conversely, advances in technology are helping to shift our focus from simply finding an alternative use for construction waste to creating a useable building product from it. Thus, it is better to find a product that can be manufactured once and reused several times. Materials such as steel have a long history of being successfully extracted from the site and recycled back into a usable product. Other building components though have not had this option until a short time ago. Gypsum board, used mainly for interior sheeting, for many years was recycled for use as a soil amendment. This lay mainly to its paper backing which was problematical in removing. In spite of this, hard work continued in the quest to recycle this product into a material fit for reuse until it was resolved. In 1999, this method of recycling was accomplished allowing gypsum board to be recycled into new gypsum, ready for construction once again. One of the benefits of recycling gypsum board is produced savings in energy used in the mining process. In retrospect to finding an alternative use, finding new uses for materials found in buildings can be just ...

Word of Mouth in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Word of Mouth in Marketing - Essay Example Word-of-mouth communication can greatly influence and shape a person's expectations about a certain product, and more often than not play a large role in the final consumer decision. For instance, in marketing movies, word-of-mouth feedback can make or break the movie, that is why producers take particular care of screen-testing the movie for any possible tweaks they could do render in reference to initial feedback generated. This ensures that once the movie is released to the general public there is a much bigger chance for positive word-of-mouth amongst viewers. It is powerful, influential, and best of all it is something that not even the best-funded PR machine could buy. It levels the playing field for the lower-budgeted films and gives them a chance against the big studio blockbusters which abound. Of course, there are certain circumstances where other types of communication are more effective than word-of-mouth communication. While it is probably the most influential type of communication, it is not all- encompassing. For instance, it is highly unlikely that the typical consumer would rely on word-of-mouth for very big purchases such as cars and houses.

Aticle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aticle - Essay Example Groups have long debated whether sexual preference is biological or is influenced by environment, and the repercussions this may have for homosexual law and culture in today’s society. In the gay marriage legalization debate, the media used the same sex bonded pairs of albatross (Zuk and Bailey, 658). Sexual interaction between individuals of the same sex has been noted in populations of dolphins, sheep and monkeys. But first, it is essential to define what constitutes homosexual behavior. The female-female pairs of albatross were not seen to engage in sexual activities. However, this does not mean that a quick roll in the nest did not occur. This makes one wonder whether relationships between same-sex pairs, without copulation, still class as homosexuality. Lack of the male species may have caused the same sex pairing among the albatross population. The preference of commitment over multiple partners then allows this same-sex behavior to persist over time. If a female pairs with another female, one or both may reproduce with a male, thereby increasing their chance of reproductive success in a pair rather than alone. This is known as co-operative breeding, where non-related adults help rear the young. However, this lacks the normal reproductive competition often seen between members of the same-sex. This form of co-operative reproductive challenges the ideas of the evolution of sexual reproductive strategies and orientation. Despite a possible increase in reproductive success in same-sex pairing than alone, these females are still in a dilemma. This is because the reproductive success of female-female pairs was less than that of female-male pairings. Homosexuality in nature may have previously been over-looked. Female and male Laysan albatross are not physically distinguishable. This is a commonality in many seabird species. Consequently, scientists had to determine gender through genetic tests (Zuk and Bailey, 659). This is thoroughly resource

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE - Assignment Example This paper discusses the strengths and the weakness of the evidence-based method. This paper also discusses the future and current state of clinical guidelines and the limitations of the guidelines as well. Evidence-based medicine is about solving clinical problems, it does this through a process of bringing together the best evidence of clinical experience and patient values. Clinical efficacy is a critical assessment of anything you do which is aimed at making a change in practice as a result of having a positive outcome. The main purpose is to improve patient and care experience. Clinical effectiveness measures outcomes on an individual patient level. Clinical effectiveness studies help healthcare professionals to understand how to design treatments based on patient variation rather than cost. Clinical effectiveness is about the right people, doing the right thing, the right way, in the right place, at the right time with the right result (Graham 1996). In the context of my practice as a  podiatrist, the right person would primarily be well-trained and a member of the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with knowledge of the new advances in podiatry, such as local anaesthesia, nail surgery, diabetic feet and gait analysis. All the above specialities need extended training such as Continuing Professional Development. Clinical effectiveness doing the right thing is aimed at making clinical practice more accurately based on the use of investigations that have been proven to be effective relative to the specific patient needs (Graham 1996). To do things in the right way it is necessary to have a well-trained and competent work-force that has clear responsibilities and works together in this new era of podiatry to deliver the best value healthcare possible. The right result refers to the maximization of health effects,

Religion And Terrorism The World Situation Politics Essay

Religion And Terrorism The World Situation Politics Essay Religion can inspire peoples potential and make them undaunted in the face of death. However, countless disasters have broken out when religious extremism and terrorism combined with each other. Religious- based terrorism has become a major form of contemporary terrorism. Currently, the worlds situation has experienced drastic changes and religion as a supernatural deity worship met the requirements of peoples spiritual sustenance. Therefore, the religious- based terrorism as a type of terrorist activities spread around the world rapidly and it will long exist. This essay will firstly discuss the similarities between terrorism that is primarily religious and terrorism that is primarily secular. Following this, it will discuss the differences between terrorism that is primarily religious and terrorism that is primarily secular by analyzing one act of contemporary religious violence in detail. Finally, it will analyze the reason why it is not possible for terrorists to achieve their ai ms by using violence.. Similarities between terrorism that is primarily religious and terrorism that is primarily secular After experienced the 9 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 11 incident in 2001, a discussion on the so-called fourth wave of terrorism had risen. Unlike the previous several waves of terrorism, religious issue has become the main motive force of this new terrorism (David C. Rapoport, 2001). Religious-based terrorism means for the religious or political reasons, a religious group, organization, government or individuals attacks their religion or other religions and use violence against the innocent civilians or property.  ¼Ã‹â€ Aref M. Al- Khattar, 2003 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Although driving by different forces, the religious-based terrorism and secular terrorism use violence to solve their problem and bring the society a great panic. First, both the religious-based terrorism and secular terrorism are act of violence. They convey their ideas and intentions to certain social groups by those planned violence. They seek political change by the public impact of violence. Second, the religious-based terrorism and secular terrorism are always unpredictable. Organized terroristic activities have a shelter and it is difficult to predict in advance. When and where will the terrorist activities occur? What are their aims? How terrorist activities start on? All of these issues are unknown until the terrorist events happen. Its unpredictability expanding the effect of terrorist violence and terrorism becomes very difficult to deal with. Third, the victims of the religious-based terrorism and secular terrorism have a symbolic meaning. The potential victims of terrori st attacks are not really randomly selected. These targets are the symbol of what the terrorists want to attack because of their status, their location or their activities. Fourth, the religious-based terrorism and secular terrorisms action usually has a specific political purpose. Terrorism has a political purpose which includes two situations: Firstly, some groups or organizations use such means of violent and terrorist to achieve their own political purposes. Secondly, they adopt that means of violent terrorist to change social political thoughts. Differences between terrorism that is primarily religious and terrorism that is primarily secular The religious-based terrorism and secular terrorism are different in those issues of motivation, legitimization and justification. Some Islamic fundamentalist organizations are the typical delegate of religious-based terrorism. They advocate to restore the original form of Islam and to establish a theocracy country. Terrorism is the stock in trade of the Islamic fundamentalist. The Muslim Brotherhood is a representation of fundamentalist. This organization was established in 1928 and its initial aim is to resist Western cultural influence on the Arab world. Since its inception, the Muslim Brotherhood spread its influence in the Arab world, and gradually evolved from a religious organization to a paramilitary terrorist organization. Hamas is an organization which is derived from the Muslim Brotherhood. They put forward a very aggressive struggle aim: destroy Israel with a holy war and establish an Islamic state in Palestine ultimately. After the Cold War, the terrorism activities of I slamic fundamentalist have become increasingly frequent and prove to be the most dangerous terrorism in the world (Bar S, 2004). Take Islamic fundamentalist terrorism for example. Compared with the secular terrorism, they considered violence as a sacred act or duty and terrorist activities have been given a sacred name. Killing is glorious if it is for the sacred religious. Secular moral fetters, struggle of the human nature dissipated in this glorious. Terrorists use murder and they have no limitation on the political impact, moral and practical conditions that limited secular terrorism.  ¼Ã‹â€ Bruce Hoffman, 1993 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Religious allow terrorists to find a way to legitimize their acts of terror. Many religious doctrines have violent sanctions content to urge their follower filled with admiration to the God. Terrorism is a natural supporter of violence. It captured this feature of religion, misleading those devout followers. These followers believed that violence is an expression of worship and they were taking away the sinners in accordance the will of God. Therefore, they not only will not feel guilty for the murder, but believes their actions are legitimate and sacred (Sedgwick M, 2004). Compared with the other types of terrorism, their enemy is broader and numerous. This fact doomed religious-based terrorism are much bloody than the other types of terrorism. The religious-based extremism terrorists are both victimizer and victim. Piety to the religious is their spiritual motivate of carrying out terrorist attacks, but not the root causes of terrorism. They had lived quietly in the world which many religions exist there like most people. They protected their religion carefully, but their religion gradually declined under the impact of Western culture. Those desperate followers have to take the extreme method of killing to eradicate those who threaten their religious beliefs and it seems that those numerous religions may erode their faith. Those experiences in the real-life, including the power politics of Western countries, economic sanctions, military strikes, made them feel that they are victims and they have the right to retaliate to these people who bring them disaster. Terrorism will not grow up without any reason and no one born a suicide bomber ( Jones JW,2009; Roislien HE, 2005). Analysis of the possibility for religious terrorists to achieve their aims by violence Since the nineteen eighties, various types of worlds religious terrorist organizations developed rapidly. The ravages of terrorism have brought great harm to the international community and undermine the normal social order. Terrorism intensifies various contradictions and becomes a major threat to the peace of the world. Therefore, many governments condemn atrocities of the terrorist and have made it clear that they will fight against terrorism. In recent years, the international community has joint together to act against terrorism. Many countries recognize that anti-terrorism can not be met by one country alone. They must rely on the strength of the entire international community. Contemporary terrorism is more like cancer, which spread and undermined the body health of the community seriously. It undermines the international peace and social stability, which lead the international community into deep fear. So compromise with terrorists is generally refused by the whole world. Recently, many countries have committed to the fight against terrorism and have made remarkable achievements. Therefore, in this situation, religious terrorism is difficult to achieve their goal by violence. Same example can be used to illustrate the above conclusion. Organizations of Islamic fundamentalists, like Hamas, have not achieved its goal by using violence. Although causing great damage ¼Ã…’Hamas suicide bombing attacks do not destroy Israel and have no positive effects on the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine. Instead ¼Ã…’Gaza as the stronghold of Hamas has been blockaded by Israel since 2007. As a result, Hamas lost the ability to launch large-scale attack in a long period of time. Conclusion Religion is an important component of human civilization and its contribution to mankind is undeniable. The ethical and legal norms it advocates still play an irreplaceable constraints role of peoples behavior for peace and stability of human society. But religious-based terrorism undermined international peace and social stability, which lead the international community into deep fear. Anti-terrorist is imperative, but it is also essential for each country involved in terrorism to rethink what makes them become the targets of terrorist attacks. If people use violence to combat with religious terrorism, this will only lead to more conflict of civilizations and more severe social panic. However, elimination of terrorism is an extremely complex and difficult task. So the religious-based terrorism will long exist. Therefore, all the countries involved in terrorism need to find the root causes of religious-based terrorism .What they can do now is try to prevent terrorism and minimize los ses caused by terrorist activities.

TRICARE: The Restructuring of Military Healthcare System in Response to

In the U.S and other nations of the world, the health expenditure and number of physicians increase as the economy expands. However, physician shortage is of a great concern globally, which the U.S and the Military Healthcare System (MHS) are no exceptions. According to Garber (2004) â€Å"a shortage exit when there is unsatisfied demand, which occurs when the quantity of a good or service is less than what people will be willing to buy at the current price†. For example a long wait time to get an elective surgery done, or a long wait for a patient to get an appointment to see the doctor are evidence of physician shortage. Another definition of shortage is â€Å"having a projected supply of physicians that meet less than 80% of the forecasted demand or need, calculated at the estimated means (Scheffler, Liu, Kinfu, & Dal Poz, 2007). The World Health Organization report (2006) estimated that, 57 countries had absolute shortage of 2.3 million physicians. This shortage acco rding to prior studies implied the lack of a sufficient number of health care professionals to deliver skilled health interventions such as child-birth. Schaffer et al. (2007) projected the global supply of the physician workforce to balance the demand using the demand base model and sufficient surplus in the year 2015. Despite this projection of surplus and balance of the physician workforce globally, the problem of shortage will still remain with some countries and nations as a result of distributional problems that continue to persist, and Africa for instance will need about 65% increases in supply of physicians by the year 2015 (Scheffler et al., 2007). According to Cooper (2004 & 2005) the shortage of physicians in the U.S was related to the economic capacit... ....S and overseas to supplement the care provided to the growing beneficiary population in the MTFs. The MTF is the primary health care facility for TRICARE. TRICARE PCP shortage is due to deployment to war zones, humanitarian missions and special combat skill training. Throughout the research, attempts will be made to respond to the primary question and then the other sub questions in relation to; TRICARE background history, epidemiology, physician types, administration, policies and law, finance, personnel, marketing, ethical issues, beneficiary complaints and satisfaction. Other areas include the role restructuring plays in resolving the beneficiary complaints and the impact the restructuring of TRICARE will have on health care delivery to beneficiaries. The summary, recommendations and conclusion will be addressed finally to complete this research paper.